He mea koʻikoʻi ke koho ʻana i ka mea no kāu sila ʻoiai he mea nui ia i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka maikaʻi, ke ola a me ka hana o kahi noi, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pilikia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.Maʻaneʻi, ke nānā nei mākou i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni i ke koho ʻana i nā mea sila, a me kekahi o nā mea maʻamau a me nā noi i kūpono loa iā lākou.
Nā kumu kaiapuni
He mea koʻikoʻi ke kaiapuni e ʻike ʻia ai kahi sila i ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻolālā a me nā mea.Aia kekahi mau waiwai koʻikoʻi e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā mea e pono ai no nā kaiapuni a pau, e like me ka hana ʻana i kahi maka sila paʻa, hiki ke hana i ka wela, ke kūpaʻa kemika, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi.
I kekahi mau kaiapuni, pono e ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kēia mau waiwai ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO nā waiwai waiwai ʻē aʻe e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ai i ke kaiapuni e pili ana i ka paʻakikī, ka ʻoʻoleʻa, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, ka ʻaʻahu a me ke kūpaʻa kemika.ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau mea e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻimi i ka mea kūpono no kāu sila.
Hiki i ke kaiapuni ke hoʻoholo i ke kumu kūʻai a i ʻole ka maikaʻi o ka sila.No nā kaiapuni abrasive a paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā sila ma muli o nā mea e pono ai ka ikaika e kū i kēia mau kūlana.
No ia ʻano kaiapuni, ʻo ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ke kālā no kahi sila kiʻekiʻe e uku iā ia iho i ka manawa no ka mea e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka pani ʻana, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke sila e loaʻa ai kahi sila haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka wai maʻemaʻe loa i loaʻa nā waiwai lubricating, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia kahi sila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i makemake i nā bearings ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Mea sila maʻamau
Kalapona
ʻO ke kalapona i hoʻohana ʻia i nā maka sila he hui ia o ke kalapona amorphous a me ka graphite, me nā pākēneka o kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻoholo ai i nā waiwai kino ma ka pae hope o ke kalapona.He mea inert a paʻa ia e hiki ke hoʻoluliluli iā ia iho.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he ʻelua o nā maka hope i nā sila mechanical, a he mea kaulana hoʻi ia no nā sila circumferential segmented a me nā apo piston ma lalo o kahi maloʻo a liʻiliʻi paha o ka lubrication.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia hui kalapona/graphite me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi iā ia i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka emi ʻana o ka porosity, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana a i ʻole ka ikaika.
ʻO kahi thermoset resin impregnated carbon seal ka mea maʻamau no nā sila mechanical, me ka hapa nui o nā kalapona resin impregnated hiki ke hana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole mai nā kumu ikaika a hiki i nā waikawa ikaika.Loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai frictional maikaʻi a me kahi modulus kūpono e kōkua i ke kāohi ʻana i nā distortions.Ua kūpono kēia mea i ka hana maʻamau i 260°C (500°F) i loko o ka wai, nā mea hoʻoluʻu, nā wahie, nā aila, nā hoʻonā kemika māmā, a me nā noi meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka kūleʻa o nā sila kalapona i hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Antimony ma muli o ka ikaika a me ka modulus o ka antimony, e hana maikaʻi ia no nā noi kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e pono ai kahi mea ikaika a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.ʻOi aku ka paʻa ʻana o kēia mau sila i ka blistering i nā noi me nā wai viscosity kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole hydrocarbons māmā, e hana ana ia i ka pae maʻamau no nā noi hoʻoheheʻe he nui.
Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ke kalapona me nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me nā fluoride no ka holo maloʻo, nā cryogenics a me nā noi ʻana i ka ʻūhā, a i ʻole nā mea hoʻopaneʻe oxidation e like me phosphates no ke kiʻekiʻe wela, ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, a me nā noi turbine i 800ft/sec a ma kahi o 537°C (1,000°F).
Keramika
He mau mea metala ʻole nā ceramics i hana ʻia mai nā pūhui kūlohelohe a i ʻole synthetic, ka mea maʻamau i ka alumina oxide a i ʻole alumina.He wahi heheʻe kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidization, no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me nā mīkini, nā kemika, ka ʻaila, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kaʻa.
Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai dielectric maikaʻi loa a hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia no nā insulators uila, nā ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa, nā media wili, a me nā ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe.I ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka alumina i ka nui o nā wai kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe ma mua o kekahi mau waikawa ikaika, e alakaʻi iā ia e hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi sila mechanical.Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka alumina ke haki maʻalahi ma lalo o ka haʻalulu wela, kahi i kaupalena ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau noi kahi e pilikia ai kēia.
Hana ʻia ʻo Silicon carbide e ka hui ʻana i ka silica a me ka coke.Ua like ia me ka ceramic, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lubrication maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, e lilo ia i mea hoʻonā paʻakikī maikaʻi no nā kaiapuni paʻakikī.
Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou ʻia kahi sila i nā manawa he nui i kona ola ʻana.Hoʻohana maʻamau ia me ka mechanically, e like me nā sila mechanical no kona kūpaʻa kino kino maikaʻi, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi, liʻiliʻi friction coefficient a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe.
Ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā alo mechanical seal, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana silicon carbide, hoʻonui i ke ola seal, haʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai mālama, a me nā kumukūʻai holo haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea hana e like me nā turbines, compressors, a me nā pump centrifugal.Hiki i ka Silicon carbide ke loaʻa nā waiwai like ʻole ma muli o ke ʻano i hana ʻia ai.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka carbide silika hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻāpana silika carbide i kekahi i kekahi ma ke kaʻina hana.
ʻAʻole pili nui kēia kaʻina hana i ka hapa nui o nā waiwai kino a me nā mea wela o ka mea, akā naʻe e kaupalena ʻia ke kūpaʻa kemika o ka mea.ʻO nā kemika maʻamau i pilikia he caustics (a me nā kemika pH kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe) a me nā waikawa ikaika, a no laila ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka carbide silicon reaction-bonded me kēia mau noi.
Hana ʻia ka carbide silicon self-sintered ma o ka sintering silicon carbide particles i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kōkua non-oxide sintering i loko o kahi kaiapuni inert ma nā mahana ma luna o 2,000°C.Ma muli o ka nele o kahi mea lua (e like me ke silikoni), ʻo ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia pololei ʻia ke kūʻokoʻa i nā ʻano wai a me nā ʻano hana i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka pauma centrifugal.
ʻO ka tungsten carbide kahi mea maʻalahi loa e like me ka silicon carbide, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā noi kiʻekiʻe no ka mea ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka elasticity e hiki ai ke hoʻololi iki a pale i ka distortion maka.E like me ka silicon carbide, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia a hoʻoliʻi ʻia.
Hana ʻia ʻo Tungsten carbide e like me ka cemented carbide no laila ʻaʻohe hoʻāʻo e hoʻopaʻa i ka tungsten carbide iā ia iho.Hoʻohui ʻia kahi metala lua e hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻāpana tungsten carbide i hui pū ʻia, e hopena i kahi mea i loaʻa nā waiwai i hui pū ʻia o ka tungsten carbide a me ka mea hoʻopili metala.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia i kahi pōmaikaʻi ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o ka hopena ma mua o ka hiki me ka tungsten carbide wale nō.ʻO kekahi o nā nāwaliwali o ka tungsten carbide cemented ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka cobalt-bound tungsten carbide, akā naʻe, ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia e ka nickel-bound tungsten carbide ma muli o ka nele i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike kemika e pono ai no ka ʻoihana.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Nickel-bound tungsten carbide no nā maka sila kahi i makemake ʻia ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai paʻakikī, a loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻohālikelike kemika maikaʻi i kaupalena ʻia e ka nickel manuahi.
GFPTFE
Loaʻa i ka GFPTFE ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, a ʻo ke aniani i hoʻohui ʻia e hōʻemi i ka friction o nā maka sila.He kūpono ia no nā noi maʻemaʻe a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.Loaʻa nā sub-variants e hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi i ka sila i nā koi a me ke kaiapuni, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i kāna hana holoʻokoʻa.
Buna
ʻO Buna (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo nitrile rubber) he elastomer kumu kūʻai no nā O-rings, sealants a me nā huahana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia no kāna hana mechanical a hana maikaʻi i ka aila, petrochemical a me nā noi kemika.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka aila ʻaila, ka wai, ka waiʻona like ʻole, ka momona silicone a me nā noi wai hydraulic ma muli o kona hiki ʻole.
ʻOiai ʻo Buna he copolymer rubber synthetic, hana maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā noi e koi ana i ka hoʻopili metala a me nā mea abrasion-resistant, a ʻo kēia ʻano kemika hoʻi i kūpono no nā noi sealant.Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke pale i nā mahana haʻahaʻa e like me ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia me ka waika maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa alkali māmā.
Ua kaupalena ʻia ʻo Buna i nā noi me nā kumu koʻikoʻi e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ka wā, ka lā a me nā noi kūʻē i ka mahu, a ʻaʻole kūpono me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe (CIP) i loaʻa nā waikawa a me nā peroxide.
EPDM
ʻO ka EPDM kahi lāʻau synthetic i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka automotive, kūkulu a me nā noi mechanical no nā sila a me nā O-rings, tubing a me nā mea holoi.ʻOi aku ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o ka Buna, akā hiki ke kū i nā ʻano wela, ka wā a me nā waiwai mechanical ma muli o kona ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe.He maʻalahi a kūpono no nā noi e pili ana i ka wai, chlorine, bleach a me nā mea alkaline ʻē aʻe.
Ma muli o kāna mau mea elastika a paʻa, i ka wā e hohola ʻia, hoʻi ka EPDM i kona ʻano kumu me ka nānā ʻole i ka mahana.ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo EPDM no ka aila ʻaila, wai, chlorinated hydrocarbon a i ʻole hydrocarbon solvent applications.
Viton
ʻO Viton kahi huahana lōʻihi, kiʻekiʻe, fluorinated, hydrocarbon rubber i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā O-Rings a me nā sila.ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā mea lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe akā ʻo ia ke koho i makemake ʻia no nā pono paʻakikī a koi ʻia.
Kū'ē i ka ozone, oxidation a me nā kūlana ʻino loa, me nā mea e like me aliphatic a me ka aromatic hydrocarbons, nā wai halogenated a me nā mea waikawa ikaika, ʻo ia kekahi o nā fluoroelastomers ikaika loa.
ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka mea kūpono no ka sila ʻana he mea nui ia no ka holomua o kahi noi.ʻOiai like nā mea sila he nui, lawelawe kēlā me kēia i nā kumu like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā pono kikoʻī.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-12-2023