Sila mīkinihana nui i ka pale ʻana i ka leakage no nā ʻoihana like ʻole.Aia ma ka ʻoihana kaipaʻipaʻi mechanical sila, nā sila mechanical shaft rotating.A i loko o ka ʻoihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea aiasila mīkini pahu pahu,hoʻokaʻawale i nā sila mechanical a i ʻole nā sila mechanical kinoea maloʻo.I loko o nāʻoihana kaʻa he mau sila mechanical wai.A i loko o ka ʻoihana kemika aia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe mechanical mixer (agitator mechanical seals) a me nā sila mechanical compressor.
Ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻohana ʻokoʻa, pono ia i ka hopena mechanical sealing me nā mea like ʻole.Nui nā ʻano mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma kasila lāʻau mechanical e like me nā sila mīkini seramika, nā sila mechanical carbon, Silicone carbide mechanical seals,SSIC mechanical sila a meʻO nā sila mechanical TC.
Hoʻopaʻa mekini seramika
He mau mea koʻikoʻi nā seal mechanical seramika i nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole, i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ka leakage o ka wai ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, e like me ka pahu wili a me kahi hale paʻa.Hoʻohanohano nui ʻia kēia mau sila no ko lākou pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu ʻokoʻa, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a me ka hiki ke kū i nā wela wela.
ʻO ka hana nui o nā seal mechanical ceramic ka mālama ʻana i ka pono o nā mea hana ma ka pale ʻana i ka nalowale o ka wai a i ʻole ka hoʻohaumia ʻana.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā ʻoihana he nui, me ka aila a me ke kinoea, ka hana kemika, ka mālama wai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka hana ʻai.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o kēia mau sila i kā lākou hana paʻa;hana ʻia lākou mai nā mea seramika kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea sila.
He ʻelua ʻāpana nui nā mea hoʻopaʻa mekini seramika: ʻo kekahi he maka paʻa mīkini (i hana mau ʻia me nā mea seramika), a ʻo kekahi he alo rotary mechanical (i hana mau ʻia mai ka carbon graphite).Hana ʻia ka hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wā e paʻi pū ʻia nā maka ʻelua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika puna, e hana ana i kahi pale kūpono e kūʻē i ka leaka wai.Ke hoʻohana nei nā mea hana, ʻo ke kiʻi lubricating ma waena o nā maka sila e hoʻemi i ka friction a me ka ʻaʻahu ʻoiai e mālama ana i kahi sila paʻa.
ʻO kahi mea koʻikoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i nā sila mechanical seramika mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻo ko lākou kūʻē kūʻokoʻa i ka lole.Loaʻa i nā mea seramika nā waiwai paʻakikī maikaʻi loa e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui i nā kūlana abrasive me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino nui.ʻO kēia ka hopena i nā sila lōʻihi e pono ai ke hoʻololi pinepine a mālama ʻia paha ma mua o nā mea i hana ʻia mai nā mea palupalu.
Ma waho aʻe o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, hōʻike pū kekahi ceramics i ke kūpaʻa wela ʻokoʻa.Hiki iā lākou ke pale i nā wela kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o kā lākou hana hoʻopaʻa.He mea kūpono kēia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe kahi e hāʻule mua ai nā mea sila ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, hāʻawi ʻia nā sila ʻenekini ceramic i ka hoʻohālikelike kemika maikaʻi loa, me ke kūʻē ʻana i nā mea corrosive like ʻole.ʻO kēia ka mea i koho maikaʻi ʻia no nā ʻoihana e hana mau i nā kemika koʻikoʻi a me nā wai ʻino.
He mea nui nā sila mechanical seramikasila ʻāpanai hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ka leakage wai i nā mea hana ʻoihana.ʻO kā lākou mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa, e like me ka pale ʻana i ka lole, ke kūpaʻa wela, a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kemika, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i koho koho no nā noi like ʻole ma nā ʻoihana lehulehu.
| waiwai kino seramika | ||||
| ʻāpana ʻenehana | ʻāpana | 95% | 99% | 99.50% |
| ʻO ka mānoanoa | g/cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
| ʻoʻoleʻa | HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Ka nui o ka porosity | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Ka ikaika haʻihaʻi | MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| Coefficient o ka hoonui wela | 10(-6)/K | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| ʻO ke kau wela wela | W/MK | 27.8 | 26.7 | 26 |
Sila mīkini kalapona
He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko mechanical carbon sila.ʻO ka graphite he isoform o ka carbon element.I ka makahiki 1971, ua aʻo ʻo ʻAmelika i ka graphite mechanical sealing material hiki ke hoʻololi i ka leakage o ka valve ikehu atomic.Ma hope o ka hana hohonu, lilo ka graphite maʻalahi i mea hoʻopaʻa sila maikaʻi loa, i hana ʻia i loko o nā sila mechanical carbon me ka hopena o nā mea hoʻopaʻa.Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau sila kalapona kalapona i ka kemika, ka ʻaila, nā ʻoihana mana uila e like me ke sila kiʻekiʻe o ka wai.
No ka mea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka graphite maʻalahi e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka graphite i hoʻonui ʻia ma hope o ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka intercalating agent i koe i ka graphite flexible he liʻiliʻi loa, akā ʻaʻole holoʻokoʻa, no laila ke ʻano nui o ke ola a me ke ʻano o ka mea intercalation i ka maikaʻi. a me ka hana o ka huahana.
Ke koho ʻana i nā mea alo o ke alo o Carbon
Ua hoʻohana ka mea hana mua i ka waikawa sulfuric concentrated ma ke ʻano he oxidant a intercalating agent.Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana i ke sila o kahi mea metala, ua ʻike ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka sulfur i koe i loko o ka graphite maʻalahi e ʻānai i ka metala pili ma hope o ka hoʻohana lōʻihi.Ma muli o kēia manaʻo, ua hoʻāʻo kekahi poʻe naʻauao kūloko e hoʻomaikaʻi iā ia, e like me Song Kemin nāna i koho i ka acetic acid a me ka waikawa organik ma mua o ka sulfuric acid.ʻakika, lohi i ka waikawa nitric, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana i ka lumi wela, i hana ʻia mai ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa nitric a me ka waikawa acetic.Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa nitric a me ka ʻakika acetic ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokomo, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka graphite i hoʻonui ʻia ka sulfur free me ka potassium permanganate ma ke ʻano he oxidant, a ua hoʻohui mālie ʻia ka waikawa acetic i ka waikawa nitric.Hoʻemi ʻia ka mahana i ka lumi wela, a hana ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa nitric a me ka acetic acid.A laila hoʻohui ʻia ka graphite flake maoli a me ka potassium permanganate i kēia hui.Ma lalo o ka hoʻouluʻana mau,ʻo 30 C. Ma hope o ka hopena o ka 40min, holoiʻia ka wai a maloʻo ma 50 ~ 60 C, a hanaʻia ka graphite i hoʻonuiʻia ma hope o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka wela.ʻAʻole loaʻa kēia ʻano i ka vulcanization ma lalo o ke ʻano e hiki ai i ka huahana ke hiki i kahi leo o ka hoʻonui ʻana, i hiki ai ke hoʻokō i kahi ʻano paʻa o ka mea hoʻopaʻa.
| ʻAno | M106H | M120H | M106K | M120K | M106F | M120F | M106D | M120D | M254D |
| Brand | Impregnated | Impregnated | Impregnated Phenol | Kalapona Antimony(A) | |||||
| ʻO ka mānoanoa | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Ka ikaika haʻihaʻi | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Ka ikaika hoʻopili | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| ʻoʻoleʻa | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Porosity | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Nā wela | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
ʻO nā sila mechanical Silicon Carbide
ʻO ka Silicon carbide (SiC) ka mea i ʻike ʻia he carborundum, i hana ʻia me ke one quartz, petroleum coke (a i ʻole coal coke), nā pahu lāʻau (pono e hoʻohui ʻia i ka wā e hana ana i ka carbide silicon green) a pēlā aku.ʻO ka silikoni carbide kekahi mineral kakaikahi ma ke ʻano, mulberry.I ka contemporary C, N, B a me nā mea ʻenehana non-oxide kiʻekiʻe refractory maka, silicon carbide kekahi o ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia a me ka waiwai waiwai, hiki ke kapa ʻia ke one kila gula a i ʻole ke one refractory.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana ʻoihana ʻenehana o ka silicon carbide i ka carbide silicon ʻeleʻele a me ka carbide silicon ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻelua mau kristal hexagonal me ka hapa o 3.20 ~ 3.25 a me ka microhardness o 2840 ~ 3320kg/m².
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana Silicon carbide i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā ʻano noiʻi like ʻole.Hoʻohana maʻamau ia me ka mechanically.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka silicon carbide kahi mea kūpono no ka silicon carbide mechanical seal ma muli o kona kūpaʻa kino kino maikaʻi, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi, liʻiliʻi friction coefficient a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā apo SIC Seal i ke apo static, ke apo neʻe, ke apo pālahalaha a pēlā aku.Hiki ke hana ʻia ke kilika SiC i loko o nā huahana carbide like ʻole, e like me ke apo silicon carbide rotary, silicon carbide stationary noho, silicon carbide bush, a pēlā aku, e like me nā koi kūikawā o nā mea kūʻai.Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā mea graphite, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona friction coefficient ma mua o ka alumina ceramic a me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka waiwai PV kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano o ka waikawa ikaika a me ka alkali ikaika.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o SIC kekahi o nā pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia i nā sila mechanical.No laila hiki iā SIC ke pale aku i ka ʻaʻahu a me ka waimaka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka sila.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o SIC e hōʻemi i ka pono no ka lubrication.ʻO ka nele o ka lubrication e hōʻemi i ka hiki ke hoʻohaumia a me ka corrosion, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono a me ka hilinaʻi.
He kūʻē nui nō hoʻi ʻo SIC i ka ʻaʻahu.Hōʻike kēia i hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino a i ʻole ka haki ʻana.ʻO kēia ka mea kūpono loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana e koi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hilinaʻi a me ka lōʻihi.
Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou ʻia kahi sila i nā manawa he nui i kona ola ʻana.Hoʻohana maʻamau ia me ka mechanically, e like me nā sila mechanical no kona kūpaʻa kino kino maikaʻi, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi, liʻiliʻi friction coefficient a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe.
Ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā alo mechanical seal, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana silicon carbide, hoʻonui i ke ola seal, haʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai mālama, a me nā kumukūʻai holo haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea hana e like me nā turbines, compressors, a me centrifugal pumps.Hiki i ka Silicon carbide ke loaʻa nā waiwai like ʻole ma muli o ke ʻano i hana ʻia ai.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka carbide silikon i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻāpana silika carbide i kekahi i kekahi ma ke kaʻina hana.
ʻAʻole pili nui kēia kaʻina hana i ka hapa nui o nā waiwai kino a me nā mea wela o ka mea, akā naʻe e kaupalena ʻia ke kūpaʻa kemika o ka mea.ʻO nā kemika maʻamau i pilikia he caustics (a me nā kemika pH kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe) a me nā waikawa ikaika, a no laila ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka carbide silicon reaction-bonded me kēia mau noi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pane-sinteredkalapona kalapona.I loko o ia mau mea, ua hoʻopiha ʻia nā pores o ka mea SIC kumu i ke kaʻina o ka infiltration ma ke puhi ʻana i ka silikoni metala, no laila ʻike ʻia ka lua SiC a loaʻa ka waiwai i nā waiwai mechanical kūʻokoʻa, e lilo i mea pale.Ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui a paʻakikī me ka hoʻomanawanui kokoke.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike silika ka palena o ka wela hana kiʻekiʻe i 1,350 °C, ua kaupalena ʻia ke kūpaʻa kemika i ka pH 10. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka mea no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaiapuni alkaline koʻikoʻi.
SinteredLoaʻa ka carbide silika ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi granulate SIC maikaʻi loa i hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia ma kahi mahana o 2000 °C e hana i nā mea paʻa ikaika ma waena o nā hua o ka mea.
ʻO ka mea mua, mānoanoa ka lattice, a laila emi ka porosity, a ma hope o nā mea paʻa ma waena o ka sinter palaoa.I ke kaʻina hana o ia ʻano hana, hiki mai kahi hōʻemi nui o ka huahana - ma kahi o 20%.
SSIC apo sila kū'ē i nā mea kemika a pau.No ka mea, ʻaʻohe silika metala i loko o kona ʻano, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mahana a hiki i 1600C me ka ʻole o ka pili ʻana i kona ikaika.
| waiwai | R-SiC | S-SiC |
| Porosity (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| ʻO ka mānoanoa (g/cm3) | 3.05 | 3.1~3.15 |
| ʻoʻoleʻa | 110~125 (HS) | 2800 (kg/mm2) |
| Modulus Elastic (Gpa) | ≥400 | ≥410 |
| Maʻiʻo SiC (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| ʻO ka maʻiʻo (%) | ≤15% | 0.10% |
| Ka ikaika Piʻo (Mpa) | ≥350 | 450 |
| Ka ikaika hoʻoemi (kg/mm2) | ≥2200 | 3900 |
| Coefficient o ka hoonui wela (1/℃) | 4.5×10-6 | 4.3×10-6 |
| Kūleʻa wela (ma ka lewa) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 |
Sila mechanical TC
Loaʻa i nā mea TC nā hiʻohiʻona o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa abrasion a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Industrial Tooth".Ma muli o kāna hana kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana koa, aerospace, mechanical processing, metallurgy, oil drilling, electronic communication, architecture and other fields.No ka laʻana, i nā pumps, compressors a me nā agitators, hoʻohana ʻia ke apo carbide Tungsten e like me nā sila mechanical.ʻO ke kūpaʻa abrasion maikaʻi a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe e kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻaʻahu me ka wela kiʻekiʻe, friction a me ka corrosion.
E like me kona haku mele ʻana a me nā ʻano hoʻohana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo TC i ʻehā mau ʻāpana: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten-titanium (YT), tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), a me titanium carbide (YN).
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Tungsten cobalt (YG) paʻa paʻa i ka WC a me Co. He kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea palupalu e like me ka hao hao, nā metala nonferrous a me nā mea non-metallic.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Stellite (YT) me WC, TiC a me Co. Ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o TiC i ka huila, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kona kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu, akā ua emi ka ikaika kulou, ka hana wili a me ka conductivity thermal.Ma muli o kona palupalu ma lalo o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kūpono wale ia no ka ʻoki kiʻekiʻe o nā mea maʻamau a ʻaʻole no ka hana ʻana i nā mea brittle.
Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) i ka huila e hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion ma o ka nui o ka tantalum carbide a i ʻole niobium carbide.I ka manawa like, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka paʻakikī me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoki ʻana.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā mea ʻoki paʻakikī a me ka ʻoki ʻana.
ʻO ka carbonized titanium base class (YN) he mea paʻakikī paʻakikī me ka pae paʻakikī o TiC, nickel a me molybdenum.ʻO kāna mau mea maikaʻi ʻo ia ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, anti - crescent wear a me ka anti - oxidation hiki.Ma kahi mahana ma mua o 1000 degere, hiki ke hana ʻia.Hoʻopili ia i ka hoʻopau mau ʻana o ke kila kila a me ke kila kinai.
| kumu hoʻohālike | maʻiʻo nikela（wt%） | mānoanoa (g/cm²) | paakiki (HRA) | ikaika kulou (≥N/mm²) |
| YN6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YN8 | 7.7-8.2 | 14.4-14.8 | 87.5-90.0 | 2000 |
| kumu hoʻohālike | maʻiʻo kobalt(wt%) | mānoanoa (g/cm²) | paakiki (HRA) | ikaika kulou (≥N/mm²) |
| YG6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 | 89.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YG8 | 7.8-8.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.0-90.5 | 1980 |
| YG12 | 11.7-12.2 | 13.9-14.5 | 87.5-89.5 | 2400 |
| YG15 | 14.6-15.2 | 13.9-14.2 | 87.5-89.0 | 2480 |
| YG20 | 19.6-20.2 | 13.4-13.7 | 85.5-88.0 | 2650 |
| YG25 | 24.5-25.2 | 12.9-13.2 | 84.5-87.5 | 2850 |