Sila mīkinihana nui i ka pale ʻana i ka leakage no nā ʻoihana like ʻole. Aia ma ka ʻoihana kaipaʻipaʻi mechanical sila, nā sila mechanical shaft rotating. A i loko o ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea aiasila mīkini pahu pahu,hoʻokaʻawale i nā sila mechanical a i ʻole nā sila mechanical kinoea maloʻo. I loko o nāʻoihana kaʻa he mau sila mechanical wai. A i loko o ka ʻoihana kemika aia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe mechanical mixer (agitator mechanical seals) a me nā sila mechanical compressor.
Ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻohana ʻokoʻa, pono ia i ka hopena mechanical sealing me nā mea like ʻole. Nui nā ʻano mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma kasila ʻauamo mechanical e like me nā sila mīkini seramika, nā sila mechanical carbon, Silicone carbide mechanical seals,SSIC mechanical sila a meʻO nā sila mechanical TC.
Hoʻopaʻa mekini seramika
He mau mea koʻikoʻi nā seal mechanical seramika i nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole, i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ka leakage o ka wai ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, e like me ka pahu wili a me kahi hale paʻa. Hoʻohanohano nui ʻia kēia mau sila no ko lākou pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu ʻokoʻa, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a me ka hiki ke kū i nā wela wela.
ʻO ka hana nui o nā seal mechanical ceramic ka mālama ʻana i ka pono o nā mea hana ma ka pale ʻana i ka nalowale o ka wai a i ʻole ka hoʻohaumia ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā ʻoihana he nui, me ka aila a me ke kinoea, ka hana kemika, ka mālama wai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka hana ʻai. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o kēia mau sila i kā lākou hana paʻa; hana ʻia lākou mai nā mea seramika kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi ana i nā hiʻohiʻona hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea sila.
He ʻelua ʻāpana nui nā mea hoʻopaʻa mekini seramika: ʻo kekahi he maka paʻa mīkini (i hana mau ʻia me nā mea seramika), a ʻo kekahi he alo rotary mechanical (i hana mau ʻia mai ka carbon graphite). Hana ʻia ka hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wā e paʻi pū ʻia nā maka ʻelua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika puna, e hana ana i kahi pale kūpono e kūʻē i ka leaka wai. Ke hoʻohana nei nā mea hana, ʻo ke kiʻi lubricating ma waena o nā maka sila e hoʻemi i ka friction a me ka ʻaʻahu ʻoiai e mālama ana i kahi sila paʻa.
ʻO kahi mea koʻikoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i nā sila mechanical seramika mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻo ko lākou kūʻē kūʻokoʻa i ka lole. Loaʻa i nā mea seramika nā waiwai paʻakikī e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui i nā kūlana abrasive me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino nui. ʻO kēia ka hopena i nā sila lōʻihi e pono ai ke hoʻololi pinepine a mālama ʻia paha ma mua o nā mea i hana ʻia mai nā mea palupalu.
Ma waho aʻe o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, hōʻike pū kekahi ceramics i ke kūpaʻa wela ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke pale i nā wela kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o kā lākou hana hoʻopaʻa. He mea kūpono kēia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe kahi e hāʻule mua ai nā mea sila ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, hāʻawi ʻia nā sila ʻenekini ceramic i ka hoʻohālikelike kemika maikaʻi loa, me ke kūʻē ʻana i nā mea corrosive like ʻole. ʻO kēia ka mea i koho maikaʻi ʻia no nā ʻoihana e hana mau i nā kemika koʻikoʻi a me nā wai ʻino.
He mea nui nā sila mechanical seramikasila ʻāpanai hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ka leakage wai i nā mea hana ʻoihana. ʻO kā lākou mau waiwai kūʻokoʻa, e like me ka pale ʻana i ka lole, ke kūpaʻa wela, a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kemika, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i koho koho no nā noi like ʻole ma nā ʻoihana lehulehu.
| waiwai kino seramika | ||||
| ʻāpana ʻenehana | ʻāpana | 95% | 99% | 99.50% |
| ʻO ka mānoanoa | g/cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
| ʻoʻoleʻa | HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Ka nui o ka porosity | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Ka ikaika haʻihaʻi | MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| Coefficient o ka hoonui wela | 10(-6)/K | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| ʻO ke kau wela wela | W/MK | 27.8 | 26.7 | 26 |
Sila mīkini kalapona
He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko mechanical carbon sila. ʻO ka graphite he isoform o ka carbon element. I ka makahiki 1971, ua aʻo ʻo ʻAmelika i ka graphite mechanical sealing material hiki ke hoʻololi i ka leakage o ka valve ikehu atomic. Ma hope o ka hana hohonu, lilo ka graphite maʻalahi i mea hoʻopaʻa sila maikaʻi loa, i hana ʻia i loko o nā sila mechanical carbon me ka hopena o nā mea hoʻopaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau sila kalapona kalapona i ka kemika, ka ʻaila, nā ʻoihana mana uila e like me ke sila kiʻekiʻe o ka wai.
No ka mea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka graphite maʻalahi e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka graphite i hoʻonui ʻia ma hope o ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka intercalating agent i koe i ka graphite flexible he liʻiliʻi loa, akā ʻaʻole holoʻokoʻa, no laila ke ʻano nui o ke ola a me ke ʻano o ka mea intercalation i ka maikaʻi. a me ka hana o ka huahana.
Ke koho ʻana i nā mea alo o ke alo o Carbon
Ua hoʻohana ka mea hana mua i ka waikawa sulfuric concentrated ma ke ʻano he oxidant a intercalating agent. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana i ke sila o kahi mea metala, ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka sulfur i koe i loko o ka graphite maʻalahi e ʻino i ka metala pili ma hope o ka hoʻohana lōʻihi. Ma muli o kēia manaʻo, ua hoʻāʻo kekahi poʻe naʻauao kūloko e hoʻomaikaʻi iā ia, e like me Song Kemin nāna i koho i ka acetic acid a me ka waikawa organik ma mua o ka sulfuric acid. ʻakika, lohi i ka waikawa nitric, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana i ka lumi wela, i hana ʻia mai ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa nitric a me ka waikawa acetic. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa nitric a me ka ʻakika acetic ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokomo, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka graphite i hoʻonui ʻia ka sulfur free me ka potassium permanganate ma ke ʻano he oxidant, a ua hoʻohui mālie ʻia ka waikawa acetic i ka waikawa nitric. Hoʻemi ʻia ka mahana i ka lumi wela, a hana ʻia ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa nitric a me ka acetic acid. A laila hoʻohui ʻia ka graphite flake maoli a me ka potassium permanganate i kēia hui. Ma lalo o ka hoʻouluʻana mau,ʻo 30 C. Ma hope o ka hopena o ka 40min, holoiʻia ka wai a maloʻo ma 50 ~ 60 C, a hanaʻia ka graphite i hoʻonuiʻia ma hope o ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka wela. ʻAʻole loaʻa kēia ʻano i ka vulcanization ma lalo o ke ʻano e hiki ai i ka huahana ke hiki i kahi leo o ka hoʻonui ʻana, i hiki ai ke hoʻokō i kahi ʻano paʻa o ka mea hoʻopaʻa.
| ʻAno | M106H | M120H | M106K | M120K | M106F | M120F | M106D | M120D | M254D |
| Brand | Impregnated | Impregnated | Impregnated Phenol | Kalapona Antimony(A) | |||||
| ʻO ka mānoanoa | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Ka ikaika haʻihaʻi | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Ka ikaika hoʻopili | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| ʻoʻoleʻa | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Porosity | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Nā wela | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
ʻO nā sila mechanical Silicon Carbide
ʻO ka Silicon carbide (SiC) ka mea i ʻike ʻia he carborundum, i hana ʻia me ke one quartz, petroleum coke (a i ʻole coal coke), nā pahu lāʻau (pono e hoʻohui ʻia i ka wā e hana ai i ka carbide silicon green) a pēlā aku. ʻO ka silikoni carbide kekahi mineral kakaikahi ma ke ʻano, mulberry. I ka contemporary C, N, B a me nā mea ʻenehana non-oxide kiʻekiʻe refractory maka, silicon carbide kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia a waiwai, hiki ke kapa ʻia ke one kila gula a i ʻole ke one refractory. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana ʻoihana ʻenehana o ka silicon carbide i ka carbide silicon ʻeleʻele a me ka carbide silicon ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻelua mau kristal hexagonal me ka hapa o 3.20 ~ 3.25 a me ka microhardness o 2840 ~ 3320kg/m².
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana Silicon carbide i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā ʻano noiʻi like ʻole. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia me ka mechanically. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka silicon carbide kahi mea kūpono no ka silicon carbide mechanical seal ma muli o kona kūpaʻa kino kino maikaʻi, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi, liʻiliʻi friction coefficient a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā apo SIC Seal i ke apo static, ke apo neʻe, ke apo pālahalaha a pēlā aku. Hiki ke hana ʻia ke kilika SiC i loko o nā huahana carbide like ʻole, e like me ke apo silicon carbide rotary, silicon carbide stationary noho, silicon carbide bush, a pēlā aku, e like me nā koi kūikawā o nā mea kūʻai. Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka mea graphite, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona friction coefficient ma mua o ka alumina ceramic a me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka waiwai PV kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi loa i ke ʻano o ka waikawa ikaika a me ka alkali ikaika.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o SIC kekahi o nā pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia i nā sila mechanical. No laila hiki iā SIC ke pale aku i ka ʻaʻahu a me ka waimaka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka sila. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o SIC e hōʻemi i ka pono no ka lubrication. ʻO ka nele o ka lubrication e hōʻemi i ka hiki ke hoʻohaumia a me ka corrosion, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono a me ka hilinaʻi.
He kūʻē nui nō hoʻi ʻo SIC i ka ʻaʻahu. Hōʻike kēia i hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino a i ʻole ka haki ʻana. ʻO kēia ka mea kūpono loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana e koi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hilinaʻi a me ka lōʻihi.
Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou ʻia kahi sila i nā manawa he nui i kona ola ʻana. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia me ka mechanically, e like me nā sila mechanical no kona kūpaʻa kino kino maikaʻi, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi, liʻiliʻi friction coefficient a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe.
Ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā alo mechanical seal, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana silicon carbide, hoʻonui i ke ola seal, haʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai mālama, a me nā kumukūʻai holo haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea hana e like me nā turbines, compressors, a me nā pump centrifugal. Hiki i ka Silicon carbide ke loaʻa nā waiwai like ʻole ma muli o ke ʻano i hana ʻia ai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka carbide silika hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻāpana silika carbide i kekahi i kekahi ma ke kaʻina hana.
ʻAʻole pili nui kēia kaʻina hana i ka hapa nui o nā waiwai kino a me nā mea wela o ka mea, akā naʻe e kaupalena ʻia ke kūpaʻa kemika o ka mea. ʻO nā kemika maʻamau i pilikia he caustics (a me nā kemika pH kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe) a me nā waikawa ikaika, a no laila ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka carbide silicon reaction-bonded me kēia mau noi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pane-sinteredkalapona kalapona. I loko o ia mau mea, ua hoʻopiha ʻia nā pores o ka mea SIC kumu i ke kaʻina o ka infiltration ma ke puhi ʻana i ka silikoni metala, no laila ʻike ʻia ka lua SiC a loaʻa ka waiwai i nā waiwai mechanical kūʻokoʻa, e lilo i mea pale. Ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana nui a paʻakikī me ka hoʻomanawanui kokoke. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike silika ka palena o ka wela hana kiʻekiʻe i ka 1,350 °C, ua kaupalena ʻia ke kūpaʻa kemika ma kahi o pH 10. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka mea no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi alkaline ikaika.
SinteredLoaʻa ka carbide silika ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi granulate SIC maikaʻi loa i hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia ma kahi mahana o 2000 °C e hana i nā mea paʻa ikaika ma waena o nā hua o ka mea.
ʻO ka mea mua, mānoanoa ka lattice, a laila emi ka porosity, a ma hope o nā mea paʻa ma waena o ka sinter palaoa. I ke kaʻina hana o ia ʻano hana, hiki mai kahi hōʻemi nui o ka huahana - ma kahi o 20%.
SSIC apo sila kū'ē i nā mea kemika a pau. No ka mea, ʻaʻohe silika metala i loko o kona ʻano, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mahana a hiki i 1600C me ka ʻole o ka pili ʻana i kona ikaika.
| waiwai | R-SiC | S-SiC |
| Porosity (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| ʻO ka mānoanoa (g/cm3) | 3.05 | 3.1~3.15 |
| ʻoʻoleʻa | 110~125 (HS) | 2800 (kg/mm2) |
| Modulus Elastic (Gpa) | ≥400 | ≥410 |
| Maʻiʻo SiC (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| ʻO ka maʻiʻo (%) | ≤15% | 0.10% |
| Ka ikaika Piʻo (Mpa) | ≥350 | 450 |
| Ka ikaika hoʻoemi (kg/mm2) | ≥2200 | 3900 |
| Coefficient o ka hoonui wela (1/℃) | 4.5×10-6 | 4.3×10-6 |
| Kūleʻa wela (ma ka lewa) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 |
Sila mechanical TC
Loaʻa i nā mea TC nā hiʻohiʻona o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika, ke kūpaʻa abrasion a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Industrial Tooth". Ma muli o kāna hana kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana koa, aerospace, mechanical processing, metallurgy, oil drilling, electronic communication, architecture and other fields. No ka laʻana, i nā pumps, compressors a me nā agitators, hoʻohana ʻia ke apo carbide Tungsten e like me nā sila mechanical. ʻO ke kūpaʻa abrasion maikaʻi a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe e kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻaʻahu me ka wela kiʻekiʻe, friction a me ka corrosion.
E like me kona haku mele a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka TC i ʻehā mau ʻāpana: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten-titanium (YT), tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), a me titanium carbide (YN).
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Tungsten cobalt (YG) paʻa paʻa i ka WC a me Co. He kūpono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea palupalu e like me ka hao hao, nā metala nonferrous a me nā mea non-metallic.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Stellite (YT) me WC, TiC a me Co. Ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o TiC i ka alloy, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kona pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, akā ua emi ka ikaika kulou, ka hana wili a me ka conductivity thermal. Ma muli o kona palupalu ma lalo o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kūpono wale ia no ka ʻoki kiʻekiʻe o nā mea maʻamau a ʻaʻole no ka hana ʻana i nā mea brittle.
Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) i ka huila e hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion ma o ka nui o ka tantalum carbide a i ʻole niobium carbide. I ka manawa like, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka paʻakikī me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoki ʻana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no nā mea ʻoki paʻakikī a me ka ʻoki ʻana.
ʻO ka carbonized titanium base class (YN) he mea paʻakikī paʻakikī me ka pae paʻakikī o TiC, nickel a me molybdenum. ʻO kāna mau mea maikaʻi ʻo ia ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, anti - crescent wear a me ka anti - oxidation hiki. Ma kahi mahana ma mua o 1000 degere, hiki ke hana ʻia. Hoʻopili ia i ka hoʻopau mau ʻana o ke kila kila a me ke kila kinai.
| kumu hoʻohālike | maʻiʻo nikela（wt%） | mānoanoa (g/cm²) | paakiki (HRA) | ikaika kulou (≥N/mm²) |
| YN6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YN8 | 7.7-8.2 | 14.4-14.8 | 87.5-90.0 | 2000 |
| kumu hoʻohālike | maʻiʻo kobalt(wt%) | mānoanoa (g/cm²) | paakiki (HRA) | ikaika kulou (≥N/mm²) |
| YG6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 | 89.5-91.0 | 1800 |
| YG8 | 7.8-8.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.0-90.5 | 1980 |
| YG12 | 11.7-12.2 | 13.9-14.5 | 87.5-89.5 | 2400 |
| YG15 | 14.6-15.2 | 13.9-14.2 | 87.5-89.0 | 2480 |
| YG20 | 19.6-20.2 | 13.4-13.7 | 85.5-88.0 | 2650 |
| YG25 | 24.5-25.2 | 12.9-13.2 | 84.5-87.5 | 2850 |